State Raw Milk Laws are the first thing most people research when they begin their journey toward sourcing fresh, unpasteurized dairy. Navigating the “Raw Milk Nation” can be daunting because every state in the U.S. has the authority to set its own regulations. While federal law prohibits the interstate sale of raw milk for human consumption, the laws governing sales within a state vary significantly.
This guide is designed to help you decode these State Raw Milk Laws so you can find safe, legal, and high-quality milk in your local community.
Browse State Laws by Region
The Four Primary Legal Pathways
Understanding State Raw Milk Laws starts with knowing which “pathway” your state has chosen. Most states fall into one of these four categories:
1. Retail Sales (The Highest Access)
In states like California, Pennsylvania, Idaho, and Maine, raw milk can be found right on the shelves of retail grocery stores. These states usually have the most robust State Raw Milk Laws, requiring farmers to hold specific licenses and submit to frequent lab testing for pathogens.
2. On-Farm Sales Only
States like Texas, New York, and Wisconsin allow you to buy raw milk, but you must physically visit the farm to get it. These laws are designed to foster a direct relationship between the producer and the consumer, ensuring you can see exactly where your food comes from.
3. Herdshare & Cowshare Agreements
In states where direct sales are prohibited (like Colorado, Ohio, or Tennessee), consumers often use “Herdshares.” Under these State Raw Milk Laws, you aren’t “buying” milk; you are buying an ownership share in an animal. The farmer then boards and milks the animal for you as a service.
4. Pet Food & “Not for Human Consumption”
Some states have no legal pathway for human consumption but allow raw milk to be sold under a commercial feed license. While the milk is often produced to high standards, it must be labeled “For Animal Consumption Only.”
Why Do State Raw Milk Laws Differ So Much?
The variation in State Raw Milk Laws is often the result of decades of local lobbying and agricultural history. Proponents of expanded access argue that legalizing raw milk revitalizes small family farms and provides consumers with nutrient-dense food choices. Opponents often cite public health concerns regarding foodborne illness.
However, modern data shows that when State Raw Milk Laws include clear safety standards—such as those promoted by the Raw Milk Institute (RAWMI)—the risk profile changes. Legalization allows for transparency, state-monitored lab results, and farmer education that “black markets” simply cannot provide.
Common FAQ About Legality
- Is it illegal to drink raw milk?
- No. In all 50 states, it is legal to consume raw milk. State Raw Milk Laws only regulate the sale and distribution of the product.
- Can I bring raw milk across state lines?
- Federal law prohibits the sale of raw milk across state lines. However, the FDA has historically stated they do not intend to take enforcement action against individuals who purchase raw milk for their own personal consumption and transport it home.
- How do I know if a farm is following the law?
- Our directory uses specific tags like Licensed, AWA Certified, and Lab Tested. We recommend checking your specific state guide below to see what the legal requirements are for your area.
Take the Next Step: Once you understand the laws in your area, visit our Directory of 4,000+ Raw Milk Locations to find a source near you.
